Constant fatigue — a possible sign of rheumatoid arthritis

Constant fatigue may indicate hidden disruptions in the immune system's functioning and be an early signal of rheumatoid arthritis. Specialists note that such a symptom is often associated with excessive production of cytokines - signaling molecules involved in the development of inflammatory processes in the body.

As reported by TUT.AZ with reference to Gazeta.Ru, rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, primarily the joints. According to specialists' estimates, the disease affects approximately 1% of the planet's adult population, with women facing it several times more often than men. Contrary to popular belief, the disease is not exclusively a problem of the elderly: the peak incidence occurs between the ages of 40-55 years.

Experts explain that human immune defense functions in two stages. First, innate immunity is activated - a fast but non-specific response system. At this stage, phagocyte cells destroy foreign agents and simultaneously trigger the production of cytokines, signaling danger.

If this proves insufficient, adaptive immunity joins the process. It acts more slowly but more precisely, forming T- and B-lymphocytes capable of "remembering" specific pathogens. However, in rheumatoid arthritis, this mechanism malfunctions: immune cells begin to perceive joint tissues as a threat and attack them.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a key role in the development of inflammation. Normally, it helps the body fight infections, but in rheumatoid arthritis, its production becomes uncontrolled. This leads to chronic inflammation, destruction of cartilage and bone tissue, increased levels of C-reactive protein in the blood, as well as general symptoms - elevated temperature and a feeling of constant fatigue.

Modern approaches to treating the disease involve gradual intensification of therapy depending on the disease's activity. Foreign and domestic specialists also draw attention to new drugs, including biological agents that block the action of interleukin-6 and thereby interrupt the inflammatory chain underlying rheumatoid arthritis.