Debunked: The myth of a direct link between stress and stroke

Invisible threat: how stress becomes a cause of stroke. Leading neurologist revealed mechanisms of dangerous impact on the brain

Acute stress can become a trigger for hemorrhagic stroke – a dangerous brain hemorrhage. However, much more often it is chronic tension that increases the likelihood of ischemic stroke through indirect mechanisms. These important observations were shared with MedicalXpress by neurologist Curtis Benesch, who holds the position of medical director at the Comprehensive Stroke Treatment Center at the University of Rochester.

The specialist detailed the process by which prolonged stress turns into a real "silent killer." It contributes to the formation of widespread stroke risk factors – increased blood pressure and systemic inflammation. Moreover, people under constant stress pressure are significantly more likely to experience sleep disorders and acquire harmful habits.

"Gradually, this leads to the development of atherosclerosis – hardening of the arteries, which significantly increases the risk of ischemic stroke, the most common type of this disease," emphasized Benesch.

The neurologist drew attention to the dual nature of stress hormones. Epinephrine (known to most as adrenaline) and cortisol perform a positive function in the short term. They help the body respond to a threat in a timely manner, mobilizing defense mechanisms. However, constantly elevated levels of these hormones trigger destructive processes that contribute to damage of blood vessels.

The expert particularly noted that chronic stress has a closer connection with ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, there is scientific evidence that severe acute stress – for example, experienced violence, a car accident, or a natural disaster – can significantly increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding in the brain).

"We more often observe such extreme acute reactions in heart diseases. If a person has critically high blood pressure or weakened blood vessels, severe stress can provoke hemorrhage," warned Dr. Benesch.