19 Feb , 15:32
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Scientists have discovered that wild lemon balm extract can reduce the activity of inflammatory genes in brain tissue while simultaneously increasing levels of BDNF protein, which is responsible for neuron survival and maintaining cognitive functions. The research was conducted on the subspecies Melissa officinalis subsp. altissima.
As reported by TUT.AZ citing Food & Function, the scientific work was carried out by specialists from the University of Aberdeen.
Detailed analysis of the plant's chemical composition revealed high concentrations of rosmarinic, chlorogenic, caffeic, and caftaric acids. These bioactive compounds have long attracted researchers' attention due to their pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The essential oil of lemon balm was dominated by terpene components, among which germacrene D and beta-ocimene were particularly prominent.
A series of experiments on cellular models demonstrated impressive results: the hydroalcoholic extract effectively protected rat hypothalamic neurons from the destructive effects of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Experiments on mice yielded even more encouraging data — the preparation suppressed the expression of TNF-alpha and NOS-2 genes, directly linked to inflammatory processes, while simultaneously stimulating the production of BDNF — a key protein that ensures brain neuroplasticity.
Of particular interest are the results of testing on a model reproducing neurodegenerative changes involving beta-amyloid. The extract significantly reduced the expression of interleukin-6 and acetylcholinesterase — markers indicating inflammation and cognitive impairment.
The researchers note that the obtained data are still at the preclinical stage and require further verification. However, the results already point to the significant potential of wild lemon balm as a source of functional components for nutraceuticals and specialized products aimed at supporting brain health.
