Scientists have named a plant that suppresses inflammation in the brain

Scientists have discovered that wild lemon balm extract can reduce the activity of inflammatory genes in brain tissue while simultaneously increasing levels of BDNF protein, which is responsible for neuron survival and maintaining cognitive functions. The study was conducted on the subspecies Melissa officinalis subsp. altissima.

As reported by TUT.AZ with reference to Food & Function, the scientific work was carried out by specialists from the University of Aberdeen.

Detailed analysis of the plant's chemical composition revealed high concentrations of rosmarinic, chlorogenic, caffeic, and caftaric acids. These substances have long been known for their powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant's essential oil was dominated by terpene components, among which germacrene D and beta-ocimene held a special place.

A series of experiments on cellular models demonstrated impressive results: the hydroalcoholic extract effectively protected rat hypothalamic neurons from the destructive effects of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Studies in mice yielded equally encouraging data — the preparation suppressed the expression of TNF-alpha and NOS-2 genes, directly linked to inflammatory processes, while simultaneously stimulating the production of BDNF — a key factor in neuroplasticity.

Of particular interest are the testing results in a model reproducing neurodegenerative changes involving beta-amyloid. The extract significantly reduced the expression of interleukin-6 and acetylcholinesterase — markers of inflammation and cognitive impairment.

The authors of the work emphasize that the data obtained still pertains to the preclinical stage of research. However, the results convincingly demonstrate the serious potential of wild lemon balm as a source of functional ingredients for nutraceuticals and products aimed at supporting brain health.